Digital Privacy Basics, How Companies Use Your Data
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- Companies collect what you search, click, buy, and where you go, then use it to show ads and build profiles. Much of it is collected through apps, websites, and advertising IDs.
- You can limit a lot of it with seven settings: app tracking, advertising ID, location, app permissions, browser tracking, account privacy checkups, and a password manager with two-step verification.
- Children under 13 have extra protections under the U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).
Have you ever seen an ad for something right after talking or searching about it? Often the explanation is simpler than a hidden microphone: companies combine your browsing, purchases, app activity, and location into a profile.
This guide explains in plain language what personal data is, how it is used, and seven settings that give you more control. It also has a short section for talking with kids.
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1. What Counts as Personal Data

- What you search for, watch, and buy.
- Places you go, from your phone’s location.
- Your device and advertising IDs.
- Contacts, photos, and messages you share with apps.
- Information you type into forms and sign-up pages.
2. How Companies Use It

- To show targeted ads and measure whether they work.
- To build interest profiles across apps and sites.
- To personalize feeds and recommendations.
- To share or sell information to partners such as data brokers.
- To train and improve products, depending on the company’s policy.
3. Seven Settings to Check

- App tracking: on iPhone, Settings, Privacy and Security, Tracking, and turn off Allow Apps to Request to Track.
- Advertising ID: on Android, open Settings, Privacy, Ads, and delete or reset your advertising ID.
- Location: set apps to While Using or Never, and turn off precise location when not needed.
- App permissions: remove camera, microphone, contacts, and photos access from apps that do not need them.
- Browser: block third-party cookies and use a privacy-focused search or tracking protection.
- Account checkups: run the privacy checkup in your Google, Apple, and social accounts.
- Passwords: use a password manager and turn on two-step verification.
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4. Data Brokers and Opting Out

- Data brokers collect public records and online data and sell it.
- Many brokers have opt-out pages, and some states offer deletion rights, such as California.
- Opting out takes time, and information can reappear, so repeat the process periodically.
- Limit what you share publicly on social media.
5. Talking With Kids About Privacy

- Explain that personal data is like a digital fingerprint that can be shared.
- Set privacy settings together and review app permissions.
- Teach kids not to share full names, addresses, school names, or passwords.
- Under COPPA, websites aimed at children under 13 have extra rules about collecting information.
- Make it easy for them to tell you if something online feels wrong.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Is my phone listening to my conversations?
There is no simple proof either way for every app. Ads often match you through searches, browsing, location, and purchases, so reviewing permissions and tracking settings matters more.
Does a VPN make me anonymous?
A VPN hides your traffic from your network and changes your visible IP address, but companies can still identify you through logins, cookies, and device IDs.
What is an advertising ID?
It is a device identifier that lets advertisers recognize your device across apps. You can reset or delete it on Android and limit it on iPhone.
How do I protect my children’s data?
Use family controls, review permissions, teach basic rules, and check whether the apps they use follow COPPA.
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Last updated: October 22, 2026.
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